ANY mod will enable the console, regardless of what the mod is named. While many 'enable debug console' mods exist on Steam Workshop, these do not explicitly enable the console or are required to enable it. Note that achievements will be disabled if Mom has not been defeated on the savefile, and consequently unlocks will not happen, donation machines can't be filled nor will the item collection page record anything. If you don't have any mods to enable, download one from Steam Workshop, or simply create an empty folder in your mods directory. The debug console is only accessible if one or more mods are enabled. Or, if you are a mod developer, you can use it to quickly test various things in your mods. It is an extremely useful way to verify a particular game mechanic, explore a seed, test launch options, or test various things about the game.
The debug console is accessible in The Binding of Isaac: Afterbirth † and The Binding of Isaac: Repentance.